14. Lord Chelmsford 1916-1921
(i) Formation of Home Rule Leagues by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916).
(ii) Lucknow session of the Congress (1916).
(iii) Lucknow pact between the Congress and Muslim League (1916).
(iv) Foundation of Sabarmati Ashram (1916) after Gandhi’s return; launch of Champaran Satyagraha (1916), Kheda Satyagraha (1918), and Satyagraha at Ahmedabad (1918).
(v) Montagu’s August Declaration (1917).
(vi) Government of India Act (1919).
(vii) The Rowlatt Act (1919).
(viii) Jallianwalla Bagh massacre (1919).
(ix) Launch of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements.
(x) Foundation of Women’s University at Poona (1916) and appointment of Saddler’s Commission (1917) for reforms in educational policy.
(xi) Death of Tilak (August 1, 1920).
(xii) Appointment of S.P. Sinha as governor of Bihar (the first Indian to become a governor).
- Lord Reading 1921-1926
(i) Chauri Chaura incident (February 5, 1922) and the subsequent withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement.
(ii) Moplah rebellion in Kerala (1921).
(iii) Repeal of the Press Act of 1910 and the Rowlatt Act of 1919.
(iv) Kakori train robbery (1925).
(v) Murder of Swami Shraddhanand (1926).
(vi) Establishment of Swaraj Party by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru (1922).
(vii) Decision to hold simultaneous examinations for the ICS both in Delhi and London, with effect from 1923.
16. Lord Irwin 1926-1931
(i) Visit of Simon Commission to India (1928) and the boycott of the commission by the Indians.
(ii) An All-Parties Conference held at Lucknow (1928) for suggestions for the (future) Constitution of India, the report of which was called the Nehru Report or the Nehru Constitution.
(iii) Appointment of the Harcourt Butler Indian States Commission (1927).
(iv) Murder of Saunders, the assistant superintendent of police of Lahore; bomb blast in the Assembly Hall of Delhi (1929); the Lahore Conspiracy Case and death of Jatin Das after prolonged hunger strike (1929), and bomb accident in train in Delhi (1929).
(v) Lahore session of the Congress (1929); Purna Swaraj Resolution.
(vi) Dandi March (March 12, 1930) by Gandhi to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(vii) ‘Deepavali Declaration’ by Lord Irwin (1929).
(viii) Boycott of the First Round Table Conference (1930),
Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) and suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement.
17. Lord Willingdon 1931-1936
(i) Second Round Table Conference (1931) and failure of the conference, resumption of Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) Announcement of Communal Award (1932) under which separate communal electorates were set up.
(iii) ‘Fast unto death’ by Gandhi in Yeravada prison, broken after the Poona Pact (1932).
(iv) Third Round Table Conference (1932).
(v) Launch of Individual Civil Disobedience (1933).
(vi) The Government of India Act of 1935.
(vii) Establishment of All India Kisan Sabha (1936) and Congress Socialist Party by Acharya Narendra Dev and Jayaprakash Narayan (1934).
(viii) Burma separated from India (1935).
18. Lord Linlithgow 1936-1944
(i) First general elections (1936-37); Congress attained absolute majority.
(ii) Resignation of the Congress ministries after the outbreak of the Second World War (1939).
(iii) Subhash Chandra Bose elected as the president of Congress at the fifty-first session of the Congress (1938).
(iv) Resignation of Bose in 1939 and formation of the Forward Bloc (1939).
(v) Lahore Resolution (March 1940) by the Muslim League, demand for separate state for Muslims.
(vi) ‘August Offer’ (1940) by the viceroy; its criticism by the Congress and endorsement by the Mulsim League.
(vii) Winston Churchill elected prime minister of England (1940).
(viii) Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India (1941) and organisation of the Indian National Army.
(ix) Cripps Mission’s Cripps Plan to offer dominion status to India and setting up of a Constituent Assembly; its rejection by the Congress.
(x) Passing of the ‘Quit India Resolution’ by the Congress (1942); outbreak of ‘August Revolution’; or Revolt of 1942 after the arrest of national leaders.
(xi) ‘Divide and Quit’ slogan at the Karachi session (1944) of the Muslim League.
19. Lord Wavell 1944-1947
(i) C. Rajagopalachari’s CR Formula (1944), failure of Gandhi-Jinnah talks (1944).
(ii) Wavell Plan and the Shimla Conference (1942).
(iii) End of Second World War (1945).
(iv) Proposals of the Cabinet Mission (1946) and its acceptance by the Congress.
(v) Observance of ‘Direct Action Day’ (August 16, 1948) by the Muslim League.
(vi) Elections to the Constituent Assembly, formation of Interim Government by the Congress (September 1946).
(vii) Announcement of end of British rule in India by Clement Attlee (prime minister of England) on February 20, 1947.
20. Lord Mountbatten 1947-1948
(i) June Third Plan (June 3, 1947) announced.
(ii) Introduction of Indian Independence Bill in the House of Commons.
(iii) Appointment of two boundary commissions under Sir Cyril Radcliff for the partition of Bengal and Punjab.
