First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769)
- The English convinced the Nizam of Hyderabad to cede the Northern Circars for protection against Haidar Ali.
- The Nizam, Marathas, and English formed an alliance against Haidar Ali.
- Haidar Ali paid off the Marathas and convinced the Nizam to join him, then they attacked the Nawab of Arcot.
- The war lasted for 1.5 years without a conclusion.
- Haidar Ali then attacked Madras, leading to the Treaty of Madras on April 4, 1769.
- The treaty included the exchange of prisoners and mutual restitution of conquests, and English help to Haidar if attacked.
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784)
- Haidar Ali accused the English of breaching the Treaty of Madras and sought help from the French.
- The English tried to capture Mahe, a French possession, which Haidar saw as a threat.
- Haidar formed an alliance with the Marathas and the Nizam to fight the English.
- Haidar won battles in the Carnatic, captured Arcot, and defeated the English under Colonel Baillie.
- Haidar lost at Porto Novo but regrouped and defeated the English, capturing their commander.
- Haidar died in 1782, and his son Tipu Sultan continued the war.
- The Treaty of Mangalore was signed in 1784, returning territories to each party.
Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792)
- In 1790, Tipu Sultan declared war against Travancore for purchasing territories from the Dutch.
- The English sided with Travancore. Tipu defeated the English under General Meadows in 1790.
- In 1791, Cornwallis led a large army to capture Bangalore and marched towards Seringapatam.
- Tipu fought fiercely but was defeated, leading to the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.
- Tipu lost nearly half of Mysore's territory, including Baramahal, Dindigul, and Malabar to the English.
- Marathas and the Nizam also received areas from Tipu.
- Tipu paid three crore rupees in war damage, and his two sons were taken as hostages.
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799)
- Tipu Sultan tried to recover his losses and remained sultan of Mysore.
- Lord Wellesley aimed to end Tipu's independence or force him into submission through the Subsidiary Alliance.
- Tipu was accused of plotting against the English with the Nizam and Marathas.
- The war began on April 17, 1799, and ended on May 4, 1799, with the fall of Seringapatam.
- Tipu was defeated by Generals Stuart and Harris; Arthur Wellesley also participated.
- Tipu died fighting bravely. His family was interned at Vellore, and his treasures were confiscated.
- A boy from the earlier Hindu royal family of Mysore was made maharaja, and the subsidiary alliance system was imposed.
