The Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320 AD)
Jalaluddin Khilji (1290–1296)
- He founded the Khilji dynasty by murdering the infant Slave dynasty ruler Kaimurs (son of Kaiqubad) and seizing the throne.
- He pursued a lenient policy of tolerance and publicly stated that India could not be a truly Islamic state due to its large Hindu majority.
Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)
- He seized the throne by brutally murdering his uncle and father-in-law, Jalaluddin Khilji.
- He separated religion from politics, proclaiming "Kingship knows no Kinship," and expanded the empire massively across North India.
- He sent his trusted commander Malik Kafur to conquer the South, successfully forcing the rulers of Devagiri, Warangal, Dwarsamudra, and Madurai to pay massive tributes.
- He issued strict ordinances to curb rebellions: confiscating religious land grants, reorganizing the spy system, banning wine, and prohibiting unapproved noble gatherings.
- He introduced Dagh (branding of horses) and Chehra (descriptive rolls for soldiers) to maintain military efficiency.
- He fixed the prices of all daily commodities and set up three strictly supervised markets in Delhi under an officer called the Shahna-i-Mandi.
Mubarak Khan (1316–1320)
- Following Alauddin's death, the commander Malik Kafur seized power, but was killed by royalists; Mubarak Khan then captured the throne from a minor prince.
- He sank into a dissipated lifestyle and handed over ultimate palace authority to his favorite guardsman, Khusrau Khan.
Khusrau Khan (1320)
- He assumed power by murdering his master Mubarak Khan, but his reign lasted only months before he was defeated and killed by a governor named Ghazi Malik.