Our Constitution provides citizens with Fundamental Rights which are justiciable. Originally there were seven Fundamental Rights, now there are only six of them. The Right to Property was removed as a Fundamental Right by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
*— FR available only to citizens and not to foreigners
** — FR available to both citizens and foreigners (except enemy aliens)
Right to Equality: Articles 14 to 18
- Article 14** – Equality before the law.
- Article 15* – Prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
- Article 16* – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
- Article 17 – Abolition of the untouchability.
- Article 18 – Abolition of titles.
Right to Equality
Right to Freedom: Article 19 to 22
Article 19* – Guarantees to all the citizens the six rights and they are:
- a – Freedom of speech and expression.
- b – Freedom to assemble peaceably and without arms.
- c – Freedom to form associations or unions.
- d – Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
- e – Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India.
- f – Omitted
- g – Freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
- Article 20** – Protection in respect of conviction for offenses.
- Article 21** – Protection of life and personal liberty.
- Article 21A** - Right to Education
- Article 22** – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
Right to Freedom
Right Against Exploitation: Article 23 and 24
- Article 23** – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor.
- Article 24** – Prohibition of employment of children (Under the age of 14) in factories and mines.
Right Against Exploitation
Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 25 to 28
- Article 25** – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.
- Article 26** – Freedom to manage religious affairs.
- Article 27** – Freedom as to pay taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
- Article 28** – Freedom from attending religious instruction.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 and Article 30
- Article 29* – Protection of interest of minorities.
- Article 30* – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
Cultural and Educational Rights
Right to Constitutional Remedies: Article 32
- Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
69th BPSC
Q. Untouchability is abolished by which Article of the Indian Constitution?
A. Article 14
B. Article 15
C. Article 17
D. Article 22
60-62nd BPSC
Q. Which of the fundamental rights available to Indian Citizen but not to aliens?
A. Freedom of Speech and Expression
B. Equality Before the Law
C. Right of Minorities
D. None of the above
60-62nd BPSC
Q. The Supreme Court has held that hoisting the National Flag atop the private buildings is a fundamental right of every citizen under:
A. Article 14 of the Constitution
B. Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution
C. Article 21 of the Constitution
D. None of the above
53-55th BPSC
Q. Which of the following rights conferred by the Constitution of India is also available to non-citizens?
A. Right to Constitutional Remedies
B. Freedom of Speech
C. Freedom to Move and Settle in any Part of the Country
D. None of the above
