All-India Services

• Three All-India Services: Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Forest Service (IFS).

• Roles and Training: Members hold top positions in both the Centre and state governments and receive training from the Centre.

• Control: Jointly controlled by the Centre and states, with ultimate control residing with the Centre.

• Creation of Services: New All-India Services can be created based on a Rajya Sabha resolution (Article 312).

Public Service Commissions

• State Public Service Commissions: State PSC members are appointed by the governor but can be removed only by the President.

• Joint State Public Service Commissions: Parliament can establish JSPSCs for multiple states based on the request of state legislatures.

• UPSC's Role: UPSC can serve state needs upon request from the state governor and President's approval. It also assists states in joint recruitment schemes for services requiring special qualifications.

Integrated Judicial System

• Single System: India has a single integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the top and state high courts below.

• Appointments and Transfers: State high court judges are appointed and transferred by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and state governor.

• Common High Courts: Parliament can establish common high courts for multiple states.

Relations During Emergencies

• National Emergency: Centre can issue executive directions to states on any matter during a national emergency (Article 352).

• President's Rule: During President's Rule (Article 356), the President can take over state government functions.

• Financial Emergency: Centre can direct states on financial management and adjust salaries during a financial emergency (Article 360).

Other Provisions

• Article 355: Centre's duties include protecting states against external aggression and internal disturbances and ensuring state governments function according to the Constitution.

• Governor's Role: Appointed by the President, the governor acts as the Centre's agent in the state and provides reports on state administration.

• State Election Commissioner: Appointed by the state governor but can be removed only by the President.