In 1867, Keshab Chandra Sen assisted Atmaram Pandurang in founding the Prarthana Samaj in Bombay. The spread of Brahmo ideas in Maharashtra inspired the formation of the Paramahansa Sabha, a secret society aiming to promote liberal ideas and dismantle caste and communal barriers.
Mahadeo Govind Ranade's Role:
- Joining the Samaj: Mahadeo Govind Ranade (1842-1901) joined the Samaj in 1870 and significantly contributed to its growth and popularity.
- Broader Influence: Ranade's involvement helped the Samaj gain an all-India character.
Other Prominent Leaders:
- R.G. Bhandarkar (1837-1925) and N.G. Chandavarkar (1855-1923) were notable leaders of the Samaj.
Focus and Approach:
- The Prarthana Samaj emphasized monotheism but primarily focused on social reform rather than religious aspects.
- It was closely associated with the bhakti cult of Maharashtra.
- The Samaj relied on education and persuasion to influence change, avoiding confrontation with Hindu orthodoxy.
Four-Point Social Agenda:
- Disapproval of the caste system
- Promotion of women's education
- Support for widow remarriage
- Raising the marriage age for both males and females
Contributions and Movements:
- Dhondo Keshav Karve and Vishnu Shastri were key social reformers associated with Ranade.
- Widow Remarriage Movement and Widows' Home Association: Along with Karve, Ranade founded these initiatives to provide education and training to widows, helping them become self-reliant.
The Prarthana Samaj played an essential role in advancing social reform in Maharashtra and other parts of India, contributing to the broader reform movements of the time.