President’s Rule (also known as "State Emergency" or "Constitutional Emergency") can be imposed in a state under Article 356 and Article 365 of the Indian Constitution. Here's an overview of the grounds of imposition and its application:
Grounds of Imposition
- Article 356:
- Allows the President to issue a proclamation if they are satisfied that a situation has arisen where the government of a state cannot be carried on according to the Constitution.
- The President can act based on a report from the governor of the state or independently without such a report.
- Article 365:
- If a state fails to comply with or act on any direction from the Centre, the President can consider it as a situation where the state government is not functioning in accordance with the Constitution.
First Time of Imposition and Frequency
- President's Rule was first imposed in Punjab in 1951.
- Over time, almost all states have been brought under President’s Rule at least once, some states more frequently.
- Manipur has experienced President's Rule 10 times—the highest among all states.
- Uttar Pradesh follows with 9 times.
- Bihar and Punjab have been under President’s Rule 8 times each.
Instances in Bihar
Bihar has experienced President's Rule in the following years:
- 1968, 1969, 1972, 1977, 1980, 1995, 1999, and 2005