What is the phenomenon responsible for the twinkling of stars in the night sky?

Which phenomenon is responsible for the glittering of a diamond?

The Sun appears reddish during sunrise and sunset. The phenomenon in optics which is responsible for this appearance of the Sun is

Rainbow is produced when sunlight falls on drops of rain. which of the following physical phenomena are responsible for this?

When the Sun is near the horizon during the morning or evening, it appears reddish. The phenomenon that is responsible for this observation is

The formation of glittering colours in thin foam of soap is the result of which of the following phenomenon –