The Supreme Court of India possesses significant authority and a range of powers, as outlined in the various provisions of the Constitution. These powers and functions make the Supreme Court an essential body within the Indian judiciary, responsible for upholding the rule of law and ensuring justice throughout the country.
Key Functions and Powers of the Supreme Court:
(a) Election Disputes:
- The Supreme Court has the original, exclusive, and final authority to decide disputes related to the election of the President and the Vice President of India.
(b) Conduct of UPSC Members:
- The Supreme Court investigates the conduct and behavior of the Chairman and members of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) on a reference made by the President.
- If found guilty of misbehavior, the Supreme Court can recommend their removal to the President. The President is bound by the advice given by the Supreme Court.
(c) Power to Review Judgments:
- The Supreme Court has the power to review its own judgments and orders. It can depart from previous decisions in the interest of justice and community welfare.
- For instance, in the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court overruled its previous judgment in the Golak Nath case (1967).
(d) Transfer of Cases:
- The Supreme Court can withdraw cases pending in high courts and dispose of them itself.
- It can also transfer cases or appeals from one high court to another high court.
(e) Binding Law:
- The decisions and judgments of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts in India.
- Its decrees and orders are enforceable throughout the country. All authorities, civil and judicial, are required to aid the Supreme Court.
(f) Judicial Superintendence:
- The Supreme Court has the power of judicial superintendence and control over all courts and tribunals functioning throughout India.
Expansion of Jurisdiction and Powers:
- The jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court concerning matters in the Union List can be expanded by the Parliament.
- Additionally, the jurisdiction and powers regarding other matters can be enlarged through a special agreement between the Centre and the states.
