The Indian Constitution establishes an integrated judicial system, with the Supreme Court at the top and the high courts below it. Subordinate to the high courts, there is a hierarchy of district courts and lower courts at the state level. This unified system, originating from the Government of India Act of 1935, enforces both Central and state laws.
Key points about the Supreme Court:
- Inauguration: The Supreme Court of India was inaugurated on January 28, 1950.
- Predecessor: It succeeded the Federal Court of India, which was established under the Government of India Act of 1935. The Supreme Court's jurisdiction is greater than its predecessor, as it replaced the British Privy Council as the highest court of appeal.
- Jurisdiction and Powers: Articles 124 to 147 in Part V of the Constitution outline the Supreme Court's organization, independence, jurisdiction, powers, and procedures.
- Parliamentary Regulation: The Parliament is authorized to regulate the Supreme Court's organization and functions.
42nd BPSC
Q. Supreme Court in India was established-
A. Under Indian Independence Act, 1947
B. By an Act of Parliament in 1950
C. By the Indian Constitution
D. None of the above